Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

Wednesday 19th June 2024

Carbon monoxide, or CO, is a deadly gas released by fuel burning appliances, as a result of incomplete combustion. The dangers of carbon monoxide are caused by its structure, which is similar to oxygen. Because of this, CO can bind to red blood cells, which stops them from being able to deliver oxygen to organs. The gas has no colour, smell, or taste, making it impossible to detect without a carbon monoxide alarm.

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? — Carbon monoxide can be fatal

What are the dangers of carbon monoxide?

Carbon monoxide is a risk even at very low levels. It is dangerous because it binds to haemoglobin of red blood cells where oxygen should bind, and becomes stuck there. As a result, the amount of oxygen that can be carried by the red blood cells is reduced. Carbon monoxide therefore starves the organs of oxygen, causing them to shut down.

Symptoms can start as headaches, nausea, dizziness and tiredness. If ignored, this can progress to stomach pains, breathlessness, and collapse as the body’s organs shut down; CO poisoning can be fatal. Read more information on the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Dangers of CO at low vs high levels

Exposure to low levels of CO can have subtle symptoms, which can easily be dismissed as sickness from a virus. Victims may feel drowsy and unwell when inside a building with a CO leak, but feel better when they leave. Over a period of days or weeks, this can have long term effects as the body’s organs, starved of oxygen, become damaged. This is why it is essential to install carbon monoxide detectors in any buildings with fuel burning appliances.

The dangers of CO at high levels are considerably elevated, and in extreme cases, include death. Symptoms will be harder to ignore, but due to the risk of confusion and collapse, it may not be possible to get to safety.

Carbon monoxide alarms detect this dangerous gas — Carbon monoxide is dangerous as it has no colour, smell, or taste

Combatting the dangers of carbon monoxide

You should ensure that all your appliances, such as cookers, fires, and boilers are serviced every year. If you live in a rented home, this is the responsibility of your landlord, and is a legal requirement. Ask to see the annual certificates or reports if you can’t see an in-date sticker on the appliance. If your landlord can’t produce them, insist that the service is carried out again.

Further to this, in between the annual service or checks, be aware of signs that the appliance isn’t working properly. This may include soot marks around the appliance, excessive condensation in the room, or a lazy yellow or orange coloured flame in your boiler instead of a bright blue one. If you notice any of these signs, arrange for an engineer to check it immediately.

The best way to combat the dangers of CO is to install a carbon monoxide alarm. This will alert you to the danger even at low levels, before symptoms begin, and before long-term damage can be done to your body.

Do you need a CO detector if you don’t have any fuel burning appliances?

Yes, it is recommended that even if you don’t have any fuel appliances in your home, you have at least one CO detector fitted. Carbon monoxide can seep through walls and as such you are at risk of CO poisoning from your neighbour.

Buy a carbon monoxide detector for your home and test it regularly to protect your household from this dangerous gas. For more information, read about what to do if your CO alarm goes off. Alternatively, contact our friendly customer service team for advice about the best alarm for you on 0800 612 6537, or email support@safelincs.co.uk.

CO vs CO2

Thursday 2nd May 2024

What is the difference between CO and CO2?

CO (carbon monoxide) and CO2 (carbon dioxide) are both colourless, odourless gasses. However, they are chemically different: CO is one oxygen atom bound to one carbon atom, while CO2 is two oxygen atoms bound to one carbon atom.

CO2 is a product of many natural processes in the human body, and is safe at normal levels. Due to the similarity in their chemical structure, however, CO is a dangerous gas, toxic even at low levels.

Chemical diagram: CO (Carbon and Oxygen) vs CO2 (Carbon and two Oxygen) — Chemical structure of CO vs CO2

What is CO?

Carbon Monoxide is released during ‘incomplete combustion’. This usually happens when a fuel, such as coal, wood, or oil, is burned without enough oxygen present. This deadly gas is dangerous even at very low levels. Because its molecules are very similar in structure to CO2, they bind to red blood cells in the body and become ‘stuck’. As a result, the amount of oxygen that can be transported to the body’s essential organs is reduced. This lack of oxygen can cause fatigue, breathlessness, headaches, and eventually death.

Levels as low as 50ppm (parts per million) will cause harm, particularly with prolonged exposure, while 700ppm can quickly be fatal.

Any level of CO therefore warrants concern, which can only be detected with a working carbon monoxide detector.

What is CO2?

Carbon Dioxide is released by many natural chemical processes, including combustion, respiration, and decomposition. CO2 is used to give fizzy drinks their bubbles, and as a medium in some fire extinguishers. It’s also present in the air we breathe, where it safe at normal levels (under 800ppm). However, at extreme levels, CO2 can cause asphyxiation by reducing the level of oxygen available.

CO & CO2 can both cause headaches — Both CO and CO2 can cause headaches

CO2 and indoor air quality

Although carbon dioxide is naturally present in the air, high levels can have negative effects on human health. Poor ventilation in an enclosed environment can lead to raised CO2 levels. This often leads to headaches, fatigue, and poor concentration. Safe indoor levels are below 800ppm; in classrooms, offices, and other public venues, levels can easily reach over 1000ppm.

You can improve indoor air quality by opening windows to improve ventilation, installing air purifiers, and reducing damp / humidity with dehumidifiers. Measuring CO2 levels with an indoor air quality monitor is the best way to track this, and know when improvements need to be made.

Detecting CO vs CO2

Carbon monoxide detectors should be installed to detect the presence of CO. Without this, it is impossible to detect the presence of this deadly gas, which is dangerous even at low levels. A CO alarm with a digital display allows users to monitor levels which are too low to trigger the alarm, encouraging them to improve ventilation.

Carbon Dioxide detectors have traditionally been used in commercial premises like breweries or laboratories, where fatal levels of CO2 might be released by chemical reactions. While CO2 poisoning is unlikely to happen in a home environment, however, new technology has made these detectors more affordable and accessible. CO2 monitors are now recommended in schools, offices, and even homes to track and improve indoor air quality.

10 Year Life Digital Carbon Monoxide Alarm - UltraFire UBCO1D — UltraFire Digital Display CO detector

CO2 detector — Kidde CO2/Air Quality Monitor

For information about detecting gas leaks, visit our blog.

CO vs CO2: both are colourless, odourless gasses, which pose different health risks. The only way to stay safe from these gasses is to make sure you have the appropriate detector fitted. For additional support in selecting the best detector for your needs, contact our friendly customer support team on 0800 612 6537.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning When Camping or Caravanning

Thursday 25th April 2024

Each year when camping or caravanning there are serious illnesses or even death from the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. Most of these could have been prevented if the dangers of carbon monoxide (CO) had been more widely known and some simple preventative steps taken. In the UK around 50 people die and 200 people are hospitalised, while not all of these people will have been camping, the risks are significantly higher. As the gas is odourless and colourless there is no way to detect if the gas is present. The gas makes you drowsy and can make you unable to respond to other warning signs such as headaches and nausea.

Because tents and caravans are a confined space, the danger of carbon monoxide poisoning is greater. Therefore, having an audible CO alarm is an essential item to put on your packing list.

The Kidde 7DCO CO Alarm for caravans and motorhomes

Sources of carbon monoxide poisoning when camping or caravanning

Gas or coal fired cooking appliances, such as BBQ’s, are sometimes bought inside tents or caravan awnings to provide warmth or to cook. Which can fill the space up quickly with carbon monoxide gas, a by-product when burning a fossil fuel. The gas then renders the occupants unconscious and death can occur as a result.

Carbon monoxide gas can be produced due to faulty, poorly maintained or improper installation of gas appliances in caravans. It is important to ensure fuel burning appliances fitted by a qualified installer. Solid fuel appliances must be maintained and serviced annually by a reputable, registered engineer.

Carbon monoxide detectors for camping and caravanning

If you have already fitted a CO detector, ensure that you carry out your pre-holiday safety checks. This should include checking or replacing the batteries and testing smoke, heat and CO alarms. It is also advisable to check when your alarms need replacing. Sensors in these types of alarms become less effective over time and will need to be replaced after 10 years.

Not all carbon monoxide alarms are suitable for use in caravans or motorhomes. Choosing a suitable alarm is important because if the CO alarm you have isn’t recommended for use in camping environments, you may not be alerted to dangerous levels of CO gas. Choose an alarm that is:

Kitemarked to British Standard BS EN50291-2
Certified for use in caravans
Suitable for wall mounting
Battery operated
CE marked

What to do if my Carbon Monoxide alarm goes off?

Tuesday 19th March 2024

CO detectors, or carbon monoxide alarms, are essential for the detection of a deadly gas, carbon monoxide (CO). This gas cannot be seen, tasted or smelt and is only detected with the use of co detectors. It is produced through the incomplete combustion of fuel, such as gas, wood, coal and oil. If your carbon monoxide alarm is going off, do not assume it is a false alarm.

What to do when your carbon monoxide alarm is going off

You should assume that there is CO present and should follow these steps to ensure your safety.

Stay calm, open doors and windows to increase ventilation
Where safe to do so, turn off any fuel-burning appliance
Leave the premises and notify other occupants of the potential carbon monoxide leak (you should also notify any occupant of premises adjoined to your home as CO can seep through walls and floors
Call Gas Emergency Services 0800 111 999 or a local Gas Safe Registered Engineer to check for the source of carbon monoxide
Get medical help for anyone suffering from symptoms of CO poisoning

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

The main symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are:

Persistent Headaches

Having persistent dull headaches and tension type headaches.

Dizziness

Having waves of dizziness or feeling light headed and off balance.

Nausea / Vomiting

Feeling like you need to be sick (nausea) and actually being sick (vomiting).

Stomach Pains

Pains in your stomach or lower abdomen, sometimes accompanied by diarrhoea.

Difficulty Breathing

Sudden shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (dyspnoea).

Tiredness

Having no energy or feeling tired, sleepy, lethargic and sluggish.

Sudden Collapse

Sudden collapse, seizures or loss of consciousness.

Confusion

Confusion, difficulty concentrating and becoming easily irritated.

What causes CO detector false alarms?

A false alarm is when your CO detector alarms and where no carbon monoxide is detected by your engineer. There could be several reasons for this, which can often be easily resolved:

Cause of alarm	What to do
The carbon monoxide detected did not come from your own appliances but may have seeped through the walls or floor from a neighbour.	Check if your neighbours have fuel-burning appliances that might emit carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide might escape from chimney stacks allowing the toxic gas to enter your premises via a joint loft space.
The replace-by date may have been exceeded.	Most CO alarms are only effective for 5-10 years. Once expired, they can sound erratically, or not sound when they should, The expiry date for each unit can be found on the information sticker on the back of the unit.
Excessive moisture from a bathroom may set off your CO alarm.	CO alarms can be corrupted by steam, and therefore shouldn’t be installed in bathrooms. If your CO alarm is repeatedly triggered by steam, it may become ineffective, and should be replaced.
Lead acid battery chargers produce hydrogen gas which sets off CO detectors.	If you are charging your caravan or boat battery at home, this could set off your CO alarm. Once you have made sure that the alarm is false, it is safe to ignore the alarm in this scenario, but remain vigilant for other signs. If this happens often, invest in a CO alarm with a digital display to assess the level of risk when the alarm sounds.
Freshly screeded floors emit a gas that sets off carbon monoxide alarms.	If your floors have just been screeded, and you have made sure that the alarm is false, it is safe to ignore the alarm in this scenario, but remain vigilant for other signs.
The carbon monoxide alarm that you have installed may not be suitable for the type of premises	For example if it is installed in a caravan, tent, boat or living quarters of a horsebox you will need to ensure that your alarm is Kitemarked to BS EN50291-2. Alarms tested to BS EN50291-1 are only for use in home environments and are not suitable for camping and caravanning.
Smoking indoors	A heavy smoker in a poorly ventilated room the CO from smoking may trigger an alarm. It is recommended to open a window if possible to improve ventilation. If this happens often, invest in a CO alarm with a digital display to assess the level of risk when the alarm sounds.
Homes that are adjacent to very busy roads may experience higher levels of CO in the home when windows are open as traffic fumes may enter the room and set your alarm off.	If this causes persistent false alarms, invest in a digital CO alarm, allowing you to see a live CO reading. You can then determine the level of risk. For example, if the reading is high, there is probably a leak. However, if it has just tipped over the threshold due to air pollution, the alarm can be ignored/silenced without having to get an engineer in to check for a leak.
The sound that your alarm is making may not be the alarm sound to alert you that there are dangerous levels of CO present.	Most alarms have several audible sounds to indicate things such as low battery warning or that there is a fault with the alarm. Keep the manual safe so that you can refer to it should the alarm go off.

Buying a CO detector

You should have a carbon monoxide detector in every room where there is a solid fuel burning appliance. Only chose CO detectors that have met the rigorous testing standards of the European standard EN50291. These alarms provide peace of mind that this vital alarm has been manufactured and tested to the highest standards. Moreover, investing in a CO detector with a digital display also provides peace of mind, as it allows you to assess the situation when an alarm goes off. This is particularly useful if you have had persistent false alarms due to pollution, smoking, or other external factors, as it allows you to check the reading to assess the level of risk before calling an engineer to check for a leak.

For more information about taking a carbon monoxide detector on holiday, read our blog on this ultimate travel essential, and what to do if you detect a leak.

Kidde Carbon Monoxide Alarm - 7DCO / 7DCOC

Product Life: 10 years
Battery: replaceable AA alkaline batteries included
Warranty: 10 year warranty
Displays CO levels from 10ppm
Peak Level Memory - recalls highest CO levels
Ideal for domestic use and camping, caravans & boats
Kitemarked to BS EN50291-1 and BS EN50291-2
Also suitable for the 2022 Welsh legislation

£15.21 ex VAT

£18.25 inc VAT

Buy Now

If you are unsure if you have the correct carbon monoxide alarm installed our customer care team are here to help. You can call them on 0800 612 6537 or email support@safelincs.co.uk.

Angie Dewick-Eisele

Director

Angie Dewick-Eisele is co-founder of Safelincs Ltd, one of the leading fire safety providers in the UK. Angie was Marketing Manager for many years and as Director is these days responsible for Content Management.

Latest Posts by Angie Dewick-Eisele

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What to do if my Carbon Monoxide alarm goes off?19th March 2024
What is BAFE certification?28th March 2023

Is Your Home Gas Safe?

Thursday 25th January 2024

Gas boilers, heaters, fires and cookers are common in households across the UK. However, many people are unaware of the dangers of poor maintenance of this type of appliance. Is your home gas safe?

Dangerous gas appliances

Faulty gas appliances can produce toxic carbon monoxide gas as a result of incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide is odourless and colourless meaning that without a detector, its presence cannot be identified. Even if your gas burning appliances are regularly serviced by a qualified engineer, it is possible for faults to occur. Alongside maintaining household appliances, the best way to keep your home gas safe is to install a CO alarm.

Carbon Monoxide emissions from a poorly fitted, poorly ventilated or faulty gas appliance can be deadly. On average, 50 people in the UK are killed each year by CO poisoning, with 4,000 admitted to hospital. There are also an unknown number of people who have suffered some degree of carbon monoxide poisoning, and either do not report it or are mis-diagnosed as the symptoms are very similar to common flu.

Dangers of unqualified gas fitters

The Gas Safe Register has highlighted the dangers of unqualified fitters, reporting that when inspected by a registered Gas Safe Engineer, 79% of boilers originally installed by unqualified fitters are putting occupants at risk, or are classified as immediately dangerous. Similar statistics published by Gas Safety Week show that half of all gas fires inspected by a registered Gas Safe Engineer are unsafe.

The Gas Safe Register logo is recognisable

Maintaining gas appliances

If you have a gas appliance, you should have it serviced every year. Always ensure that repairs or new installations are only carried out by a qualified and registered Gas Safe Engineer. Regular servicing is the best way to prevent faults, and keep your family safe from deadly CO gas. Check to see if loved ones and vulnerable friends or neighbours have an up to date gas safety certificate.

Remember to check whether the engineer in your home appears on the gas safety register before allowing them to start work. — Only registered Gas Safe engineers should service the gas burning appliances in your home

The Gas Safety watch dog is urging consumers to always check the credentials of any gas fitter. This should always be done before allowing them to do any work on a gas appliance. They are also asking the public to inform them of any rogue installers who are claiming to be qualified, but do not appear on the Gas Safety Register.

Get gas safe – Importance of installing CO alarms

You should always install a carbon monoxide alarm to protect your household from the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, especially because carbon monoxide can travel through adjoining walls. Therefore, even if you don’t have any gas appliances, or are certain that every appliance in your home is gas safe, a detector is the only way to have complete peace of mind.

Many detectors have a long life, and so remain reliable for up to a decade. With options for audio and visual cues, there is an alarm suitable for everyone. Check that every CO alarm in your home is marked BS EN 50291 and displays the British Standards’ Kitemark. If you can’t see these markings, or need to replace an old device, you can find a selection of CO alarms on our website that are suitable for use at home.

Does a Carbon Monoxide Detector Detect Gas?

Thursday 30th November 2023

Will a Carbon Monoxide alarm detect gas leaks? Carbon Monoxide detectors will only be activated by the presence of carbon monoxide gas (CO), which is the result of incomplete combustion. CO can be released by faulty fuel-burning appliances, such as gas stoves, boilers, and fire places. Carbon monoxide detectors will not detect gas leaks involving the natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which fuel household appliances, such as boilers.

Faulty gas boilers can release CO, while gas leaks are caused by damaged pipes — A carbon monoxide alarm will not detect gas leaks

Why has my CO alarm not gone off during a gas leak?

An odorant is added to LPG and NG gas supplied to homes, because the gases are highly flammable and explosive. The unpleasant, sulphur-like smell is designed to alert occupiers to any leaks. Many people worry that there is a problem with their CO detectors when, even though they can smell gas, their CO alarm has not gone off.

However, in these scenarios, the CO alarm is not faulty. The detectors in these devices are only triggered by carbon monoxide, which is released by faulty fuel burning appliances. Carbon monoxide is colourless and has no smell, and therefore cannot be detected by humans, unlike a gas leak. Ensure your CO alarm is in good working order by pressing the ‘test’ button regularly. You should also check that the alarm is still ‘in date’ (CO alarms usually need replacing between 7 and 10 years after installation).

Carbon Monoxide alarm will not detect gas leaks — A digital CO alarm will display current CO levels at all times

How can I protect my family from carbon monoxide gas?

Carbon Monoxide has no colour, smell, or taste, but can kill within minutes of exposure. CO is a byproduct of incomplete combustion within faulty gas burning appliances, so there is no way to add an odorant to this deadly gas. The only way to detect Carbon Monoxide is with a CO detector. To protect your family from CO poisoning:

Install a Carbon Monoxide detector near every fuel burning appliance in your home
Sign up for our reminder service to test your alarms regularly
Clean your CO alarm with a vacuum cleaner or soft brush to remove dust
Replace your CO alarm at the end of its life span

For more information about the dangers of Carbon Monoxide, and what to do if you are being exposed, read ‘Do I need a Carbon Monoxide alarm?’.

A carbon monoxide alarm can’t detect gas leaks, so how can a gas leak be detected?

Gas leaks can be incredibly dangerous, due to the explosive and flammable nature of component gases. While the strong smell added to these gases is designed to alert occupiers of the leak, this is unlikely to wake you if you are asleep. If you wish to protect your family against leaks of unburned gases, install a specialist gas detector in your home.

What to do if there is a gas leak in your home

If you smell gas in your home, it is likely that there is a gas leak. This could be in your home, or a neighbouring property. Open all windows and doors to dilute the concentrations of gas in the property. Do not light cigarettes or matches, or turn on any electrical devices. If possible, turn off the gas meter to stop more gas from entering, and alert neighbours to do the same until the source of the leak has been professionally identified.

Evacuate the property, and once outside the property, call your local GDN’s emergency number (Gas Distribution Network) as soon as possible.

Do I Need A Carbon Monoxide Alarm?

Monday 31st July 2023

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is impossible to detect without an alarm and exposure can have serious health implications. Over 100 people in the UK have died from CO poisoning each year since 2010. The importance of having a CO alarm in your home should not be underestimated.

Install a CO alarm in your home to protect your family from the 'Silent Killer' — CO has no taste or smell – without a detector in your home, you cannot know if you are at risk

What is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon monoxide (CO), also known as the Silent Killer, is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas. Highly poisonous to humans and animals, carbon monoxide is produced when fuels are burnt without enough oxygen present. Common sources of CO include faulty gas cookers, gas boilers, chimneys and log burners.

Do I need a CO alarm?

CO is impossible to detect without a carbon monoxide alarm. Having your appliances properly serviced and maintained each year is important but it is not a guarantee that you will be safe. Faults can, and do develop between inspections, potentially exposing you and your family to this deadly gas.

If you’re a home owner without a CO alarm, you should strongly consider investing in one to protect your household. Even if your home is supplied and heated only with electrical appliances, the gas can travel through walls. Therefore, your neighbours’ appliances, over which you have no control, could put your home at risk. Adjoining garages that house vehicles and petrol-fuelled equipment such as lawnmowers can also be a source of CO.

In Scotland, it is mandatory for every home to have a carbon monoxide alarm where there is a carbon fuelled appliance or flue. Find out more about the Scottish carbon monoxide alarm regulations.

If you’re a tenant, landlords are legally required to provide CO detection, although the level of protection differs for each country in the UK.

What are the symptoms of CO poisoning? — The symptoms of CO poisoning are similar to common illnesses – nausea, headaches, fatigue, weakness, and dizziness can be easily overlooked.

How do I know if I have CO poisoning?

This deadly gas starts with subtle symptoms, which can quickly become fatal if ignored. Headaches, dizziness, nausea, weakness, confusion, shortness of breath and chest and muscle pain are the most common signs. They may be intermittent, but get worse the longer the victim is exposed to CO.

Having a CO alarm will alert you to any potential carbon monoxide exposure, and is the only way to know for certain if you are in danger. The symptoms of CO poisoning are similar to many other common illnesses, and can easily be overlooked.

If you think you have been exposed to CO, you should switch off appliances you think might be making carbon monoxide if possible. Open as many doors and windows as possible to improve air circulation, and leave the building as quickly as you can. Get medical advice immediately, and do not return to the building until you are certain that it is safe to do so.

What CO alarm should I choose?

Carbon monoxide alarms are affordable and do not require any wiring or installation.

Every device in our CO alarm range is certified to BS EN 50291 Part 1. This defines the standard that CO alarms must be made to for use in the home. We also stock a range that are suitable for camping, caravans and travel when gas cookers and heaters are commonly used (these alarms are certified to BS EN50291-2).

For improved peace of mind, an alarm with a digital display, such as the Kidde 5DCO carbon monoxide alarm, will enable you to see exactly what levels of CO are in your home. That way you can easily spot any issues before CO levels become dangerously high.

Protect your family with a CO alarm

Carbon monoxide poisoning: What are the Symptoms?

Tuesday 17th November 2020

Carbon monoxide (CO) is often referred to as ‘The Silent Killer’ because you can’t smell, hear or see it. It is a highly toxic gas which can have devastating consequences on your health. With over 4000 people attending A&E departments due to carbon monoxide poisoning in England each year, knowing the symptoms could save your life.

The Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide can cause severe symptoms and even death if not detected quickly. CO poisoning symptoms are very similar to that of a common cold or flu, which is a big reason why mild symptoms can also be mistaken for a hangover. Protect yourself and others from carbon monoxide by looking out for these symptoms:

Effects of Carbon Monoxide Exposure

Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Severe carbon monoxide poisoning may lead to long-term neurological problems, with disturbances in memory, language, cognition, mood and behaviour. This causes damage to the basal ganglia, which may lead to a movement disorder resembling Parkinson’s disease.

Delayed deterioration in neurological condition is an unusual feature of severe carbon monoxide poisoning. This can occur any time from a few days to as long as five to six weeks after the initial exposure to carbon monoxide. The reason for this is not entirely clear.

Long-term Carbon Monoxide Exposure

Chronic exposure to lower levels of carbon monoxide may go unrecognised. The symptoms include milder versions of those seen in acute CO poisoning. Headache, nausea, dizziness, light-headedness, fatigue and sleepiness, difficulty concentrating and memory problems, as well as changes in mood are all symptoms of this.

People are often unable to identify exactly what is the matter despite being aware that something is wrong. They may attribute the problems to overwork, stress or depression. If symptoms disappear while away at work and reappear on returning home, or if other people in the same premises develop similar symptoms, it may become more obvious that there is an environmental cause.

Removing the source of carbon monoxide results in most people recovering from chronic low-level carbon monoxide exposure. However, it can also lead to the brain being starved from oxygen. This can have devastating short term and long term effects.

Treatment for CO Poisoning

Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning involves immediate removal of the carbon monoxide source, and administration of 100% oxygen together with general supportive medical care.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is sometimes advocated for severe cases of carbon monoxide poisoning. This involves giving your lungs much more oxygen than would be possible by breathing pure oxygen at normal air pressure. It has been suggested that this may improve the long-term neurological outcome, although it remains controversial. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a specialised technique which is only available in a few centres. It may also be associated with complications of its own and it is not used routinely.

Protect Yourself from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Be in the know about carbon monoxide. Would you be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning? Learn how to spot the dangers, signs and symptoms of CO poisoning and help to educate those around you. Findings by the Gas Safe Register in 2019 revealed that only one in five respondents said they would be aware of a carbon monoxide leak in their homes if they felt unwell.
Have your gas or solid fuel appliances serviced regularly. According to the latest UK inspection figures from Gas Safe Register, 5.5 million homes in the UK have unsafe gas appliances. When did you last have your appliance checked? If you rent, your landlord must have a gas safety certificate for all gas appliances to comply with regulations.
Install a carbon monoxide alarm where required. It is recommended that a CO alarm be installed in every room in the house containing an appliance that could leak carbon monoxide gas. Is your home covered? Check with vulnerable friends, family or neighbours to see if they need help installing a carbon monoxide alarm. If you rent and you have a gas appliance, your landlord is legally required to provide a working carbon monoxide alarm.

Who is Most at Risk?

Lower income households are more at risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, recent studies have shown. Research carried out by the Nationa l Energy Action charity and the Gas Safety Trust found that 35% of low income and vulnerable households surveyed exceeded the 10ppm threshold for carbon monoxide levels, indicating levels of carbon monoxide that are harmful with prolonged exposure. This can have adverse effects on the body and brain.

Over 60s were also found to be particularly vulnerable to CO poisoning. This could be attributed to the likelihood of them spending more time at home and feeling the cold, resulting in regular appliance use to stay warm. Elderly people, or those with respiratory problems, are also more at risk from the effects of carbon monoxide. They become ill more quickly, with symptoms being similar to those of flu or food poisoning, a headache, nausea and dizziness. These symptoms are usually attributed to those common illnesses rather than to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Headache or dizziness is a symptom of co poisoning — Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms can easily be mistaken for flu or a common cold or sickness bug

Other groups shown to be disproportionately affected by CO poisoning include pregnant women, young children, anyone with an existing respiratory condition and elderly people.

Carbon monoxide poisoning information sheet printable download — Download our information sheet and share with relatives or friends

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the symptoms of chronic low level carbon monoxide poisoning?

Chronic low level carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms can be subtle and easily overlooked. You might experience milder versions of acute poisoning symptoms, including headaches, nausea, dizziness, light-headedness, fatigue and sleepiness. Difficulty concentrating, memory problems and mood changes are also common with chronic low level carbon monoxide exposure. These symptoms often develop gradually and may be mistaken for stress, depression or general illness. A key indicator of chronic low level carbon monoxide poisoning is that symptoms typically improve when you leave the affected environment and return when you come back. If you suspect chronic low level carbon monoxide poisoning, it’s essential to have your appliances checked and install carbon monoxide detectors in your home.

What are the long-term, low-level carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms to watch for?

Long-term low-level carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms can significantly impact your daily life without you realising the cause. You may experience persistent headaches, ongoing fatigue, unexplained nausea, dizziness and difficulty thinking clearly. Long term low level carbon monoxide poisoning can also cause mood changes and memory problems that you might attribute to stress or other health issues. These symptoms often fluctuate, possibly improving when you’re away from home and worsening upon return. If left unaddressed, long term low level carbon monoxide poisoning can lead to more serious neurological issues. Protecting yourself requires regular appliance maintenance and installing carbon monoxide alarms in rooms with fuel-burning appliances.

How dangerous are low levels of carbon monoxide in house environments?

Low levels of carbon monoxide in house settings can pose significant health risks, especially with prolonged exposure. When your home contains low levels of carbon monoxide, you may develop symptoms gradually, making it difficult to identify the source of your discomfort. According to research cited, 35% of low-income and vulnerable households exceeded the 10ppm threshold for carbon monoxide levels, which can be harmful with extended exposure. Low levels of carbon monoxide in house environments can affect your brain and body over time, potentially leading to neurological issues. Certain groups, including elderly people, pregnant women, young children and those with respiratory conditions, are particularly vulnerable to even low levels of carbon monoxide. To protect your household, ensure all fuel-burning appliances are regularly serviced and install carbon monoxide detectors in every room containing such appliances.

What happens when you’re exposed to low levels of carbon monoxide?

When you’re exposed to low levels of carbon monoxide, your body may react in ways that are easy to misattribute to other conditions. Being exposed to low levels of carbon monoxide often results in mild symptoms that resemble common illnesses like colds, flu or general fatigue. You might experience headaches, dizziness, nausea, difficulty concentrating, memory problems and unexplained mood changes. The danger of being exposed to low levels of carbon monoxide is that these subtle symptoms can persist for long periods without you connecting them to a potential carbon monoxide leak. Many people are unable to identify exactly what is wrong despite feeling unwell. A telling sign is when symptoms disappear while you’re away from home and reappear upon return. If you suspect you’re being exposed to low levels of carbon monoxide, immediate action is necessary, including proper ventilation, appliance maintenance and installing carbon monoxide detectors.

What are the safe carbon monoxide levels in UK homes?

Carbon monoxide levels in the UK are a significant concern, with research highlighting particular risks for vulnerable populations. According to studies conducted by the National Energy Action charity and the Gas Safety Trust, 35% of low income and vulnerable households in the UK exceeded the 10ppm threshold for carbon monoxide levels. This level indicates the presence of carbon monoxide, which can be harmful with prolonged exposure. Carbon monoxide levels in UK homes should ideally be zero, as any presence of this gas can potentially cause health issues over time. The Gas Safe Register reports that 5.5 million homes in the UK have unsafe gas appliances, which could lead to dangerous carbon monoxide levels. UK regulations require landlords to provide working carbon monoxide alarms in properties with gas appliances to help monitor these levels. To ensure your safety, you should install carbon monoxide detectors in every room with fuel-burning appliances and have all such appliances regularly serviced by qualified professionals.

What are the effects of long-term exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide?

The effects of long-term exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide can be both subtle and serious. When you experience long-term exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide, your health may deteriorate gradually. The effects of long-term exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide include persistent headaches, ongoing nausea, dizziness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating and memory problems. You might also notice changes in your mood and behaviour. These effects can lead to your brain being starved of oxygen, which can have devastating short-term and long-term consequences. In severe cases, the effects of long-term exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide may include neurological problems affecting memory, language, cognition and movement. Some people may develop conditions resembling Parkinson’s disease due to damage to the basal ganglia. While most people recover after the carbon monoxide source is removed, it’s essential to identify the exposure early by installing carbon monoxide detectors and maintaining all fuel-burning appliances.

What are the symptoms of delayed carbon monoxide poisoning?

The symptoms of delayed carbon monoxide poisoning can appear well after the initial exposure, making this aspect of poisoning particularly dangerous. Delayed deterioration in neurological condition is an unusual feature of severe carbon monoxide poisoning that can occur anywhere from a few days to as long as five to six weeks after the initial exposure. The symptoms of delayed carbon monoxide poisoning may include worsening neurological problems affecting your memory, language abilities, cognitive function and movement. You might experience behavioural changes or develop symptoms that resemble Parkinson’s disease due to damage to the basal ganglia. While the exact mechanism behind delayed carbon monoxide poisoning is not entirely clear, it highlights the importance of thorough medical follow-up even if you appear to recover from the initial exposure. If you’ve been exposed to carbon monoxide and begin experiencing new or worsening symptoms days or weeks later, seek immediate medical attention and inform healthcare providers about your previous exposure.

Are low levels of carbon monoxide harmful to human health?

Yes, low levels of carbon monoxide are harmful and should never be dismissed as insignificant. When you’re exposed to even low levels of carbon monoxide over time, your body gradually accumulates this toxic gas, which binds to your red blood cells and reduces their ability to carry oxygen. Low levels of carbon monoxide are harmful, particularly to vulnerable groups, including elderly people, pregnant women, young children and people with existing respiratory conditions. According to research, exposure to levels exceeding 10ppm can be harmful with prolonged exposure. The harmful effects of low levels of carbon monoxide often manifest as headaches, nausea, dizziness, fatigue and cognitive problems that you might mistakenly attribute to other causes like stress or illness. A concerning aspect of low levels of carbon monoxide is that the symptoms typically improve when you leave the affected environment and return when you come back, making it difficult to identify the source without proper detection equipment.

What are the warning signs of carbon monoxide poisoning you should never ignore?

The warning signs of carbon monoxide poisoning can be easily confused with common illnesses, but recognising them could save your life. Key warning signs of carbon monoxide poisoning include headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms without fever, stomach pains, difficulty breathing, drowsiness and confusion. Warning signs of carbon monoxide poisoning are often mistaken for cold, flu or food poisoning. A crucial indicator is when multiple people in the same building develop similar symptoms simultaneously or when symptoms improve when you leave a particular environment and worsen upon return. The warning signs of carbon monoxide poisoning can progress to more severe symptoms, including disorientation, visual disturbances, chest pain and ultimately loss of consciousness. If you experience these warning signs, you should immediately open all doors and windows, turn off any fuel appliances if safe to do so, leave the property and seek medical attention. Remember that carbon monoxide is often called ‘The Silent Killer’ because you cannot see, smell or taste it, making it essential to install carbon monoxide detectors in your home.

Can carbon monoxide poisoning cause permanent damage to your health?

Yes, carbon monoxide poisoning can cause permanent damage, particularly to your brain and nervous system. When carbon monoxide enters your bloodstream, it replaces oxygen and can lead to tissue damage. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause permanent damage to various parts of your brain, resulting in long-term neurological problems affecting memory, language, cognition, mood and behaviour. Severe cases can damage the basal ganglia, potentially causing movement disorders that resemble Parkinson’s disease. The permanent damage from carbon monoxide poisoning can manifest immediately or through delayed effects appearing days or even weeks after exposure. While treatment with oxygen therapy can help prevent some long-term effects, carbon monoxide poisoning can cause permanent damage that affects your quality of life indefinitely. The risk of permanent damage increases with exposure duration and concentration levels, highlighting the importance of early detection through carbon monoxide alarms and prompt medical attention if exposure occurs.

Mel Saunders

Head of Marketing

With over 20 years of experience in content writing, design and marketing, Mel now heads up the Content & Marketing Team at Safelincs. Having been in the fire safety industry for over 5 years, Mel has now developed a deep understanding of some of the critical issues facing the industry. Alongside her team, she aims to support the public with resources and information to help them improve fire safety at home, in the workplace or in 3rd sector organisations.

Latest Posts by Mel Saunders

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Is Your Holiday Home Protected From The ‘Silent Killer’? Carbon Monoxide Responsibilities For Accommodation Providers

Thursday 17th September 2020

Content updated 09 August 2024

When someone books a holiday, what features do they look for? Maybe a hot tub, fire pit or log burner for that little bit of luxury? A carbon monoxide detector might not be top of the list, but with carbon monoxide (CO), or the ‘Silent Killer’, ensuring your holiday accommodation is CO safe should be a priority. Did you know that as a holiday home owner in England, you have a legal responsibility to comply with regulations relating to carbon monoxide safety? Holiday-makers want to have peace of mind that their safety is a top priority when booking a holiday, and carbon monoxide safety is no exception.

Following the tragic death of Hudson Foley, a 24-year-old travelling in Ecuador, from carbon monoxide poisoning, the issue of CO safety when travelling has been highlighted. The dangers of this deadly gas are just as significant within the UK; it is the cause of more than 100 deaths annually. If you own a holiday home, caravans, gite or glamping pod anywhere in the world, protect your guests by fitting a working CO alarm. Part of the Pack Safe Appeal, set up in memory of Hudson, is to promote CO safety measures from accommodation providers. This includes ensuring carbon monoxide alarms are fitted and working, and that gas safety checks are regularly carried out. Safelincs are supporting the Pack Safe Appeal this summer by offering 15% off CO alarms using code HUDSON15.

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a highly poisonous gas with no smell or taste and can be difficult to detect without the aid of a carbon monoxide detector. Symptoms such as tiredness, shortness of breath, nausea and headaches can be easily mistaken for flu or food poisoning. However, after exposure to high levels for 2 hours, the person may become unconscious and could die from this poisonous gas. With such sudden consequences, early detection is critical.

For more information about the dangers of carbon monoxide and how it kills, read our blog.

Accommodation providers: Your responsibilities

CO gas is produced by the incomplete burning of fuels containing carbon, for example coal, wood, gas or charcoal. A build-up in emissions of CO gas can come from:
• Faulty gas appliances
• Fuel burning stoves, open fires or BBQs used in poorly ventilated areas
• Running a car engine in an enclosed space.

Like landlords, holiday home owners have a responsibility to ensure that their properties are compliant with the regulations Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm (England) Regulations 2015. These regulations state that a carbon monoxide detector should be fitted in any room that has a solid fuel burning appliance such as a log burner or open fire. Whilst not a legal requirement, it is also advisable to install a detector in any room with a gas or oil burning appliance such as a boiler or oven. You should also check and log all smoke and CO alarms on change-over day for added peace on mind.

In Scotland, it is a legal requirement that all homes with a carbon fuel burning appliance, such as a boiler, gas cooker, or open fire, have a CO alarm installed. Similar regulations are also in place in Wales.

Maintaining CO Alarms and Fuel Burning Appliances

The maintenance of gas appliances in all properties is also of paramount importance. The Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 outlines the legal duties of self-catering accommodation providers to ensure the safety of any guests. All gas appliances should be installed and checked annually by a Gas Safe Engineer. Accommodation providers need to ensure adequate ventilation throughout the holiday accommodation. This is of particular importance in caravans, lodges and tents or glamping pods.

Further to this, it is essential that CO alarms are tested regularly to ensure that it is working, and not near the end of its life. It is recommended that these detectors are tested once a month – sign up for our reminder service to receive texts and emails when this is due.

Provide information for your tenants

With frequent change-over of tenants and short-term occupancy, it may also help to provide a factsheet with guidance on carbon monoxide safety. Information such as how to locate and turn off the mains gas supply, what to do if the carbon monoxide alarm goes off or who to contact in an emergency may prove invaluable. Some tenants will be unfamiliar with gas appliances and general advice on how to use them safely could be useful.

Furthermore, unlike some smoke alarms that are prone to false triggers, a CO alarm is very unlikely to go off unless it detects carbon monoxide. False alarms are very unlikely and residents should be advised to act immediately and assume it is an emergency situation. Many people are not aware of the CO emissions from BBQs and camp fires. Cosy fires and family BBQs can prove deadly if emissions are allowed to accumulate in a tent, glamping pod or caravan. Campsites or caravan sites are advised to alert campers to the possible dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning from these activities.

Confidence in the UK holiday market

With the trend in UK ‘staycations’ looking set to continue into next year, ensuring the safety of guests in all accommodation will only help to increase confidence in UK holidays. Families should have peace of mind that their safety is of the utmost importance. There are many options for carbon monoxide alarms including combined or separate smoke and CO alarms, audible and visual cues and fixed or portable units. The requirement of each accommodation type varies depending on size, risks and structure.

The Kidde 7DCO alarm is a great solution for most providers as it is Kitemarked as safe for use in all domestic situations as well as in caravans, boats and tents. Its 10-year lifespan, digital display and option for free-standing or wall-mounting makes it a reliable and flexible option. And, with readings taken every 15 seconds and displayed on the digital panel, guests would have complete peace of mind that they are protected from the ‘silent killer’.

A suitable carbon monoxide alarm — Digital Display Carbon Monoxide Alarm 10 Yr Warranty – Kidde 7DCO

If you are an accommodation provider and would like more information, please contact our customer care team on 0800 612 6537.

Mel Saunders

Head of Marketing

Latest Posts by Mel Saunders

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Nest Product Generations – How to Identify Your Products

Thursday 2nd March 2017

It is well known that electronic technology advances very quickly, with products being outdated and replaced by a newer version every year. More and more frequently these subsequent versions of the same product are being called ‘generations,’ such as a ‘5th gen iPod.’ Nest Labs’ range of ‘smart home’ products is no exception to this trend and the oldest two have already undergone a few iterations of redesign and improvement.

This guide has been written to help you quickly and easily identify which generation your Nest Products belong to.

Nest Protect

	1^st Generation	2^nd Generation
Edges	Straight Edges	Rounded Edges
Backplate	Square	Circular
Battery Door	No Battery Door	Battery Door
Serial Number	05A or 05C	06A or 06C

Model Number

Open the Nest app on your phone and tap Protect at the bottom, tap the Settings gear at the top followed by the alarm you’re interested in, and then go to Technical Info. If it says your model is Topaz-1.x then you have a First Generation, while Topaz-2.x denotes the Second Generation alarm.

Nest Learning Thermostat

	2^nd Generation	3^rd Generation
Colours	Stainless Steel	Stainless Steel, Copper, Black, White
Appearance
	7cm screen diameter 320 320px resolution	8.25cm screen diameter 480 x 480px screen
Base
	Yellow spirit level Rectangular Display connector	Blue spirit level Oval display connector
Heat Link
	One status light 10cm height and width	3 status lights 11cm height and width

Nest Cam

	Indoor	Outdoor
Colour	Black	White
Appearance
Differentiating Features	Securely stream 1080p video to your phone, tablet or laptop Various positioning options No installation – simply plug into power and set up via phone app Compatible with standard camera mounts and tripods	Weatherproof camera nad cables Magnetic mount with metal plate for wall attachment Night vision Clear 24/7 video with 130 degree viewing angle