Fire doors are usually heavier than non-fire rated doors due to their flame-resistant construction. However, because doors are hung on hinges, the force required to open day-to-day wouldn’t be noticeably greater than opening a ‘normal’ door. Fire doors feel heavy because of the door closers attached to them. These are installed to ensure that the fire door is kept shut when not in use, and are shut in the event of a fire.
Can fire doors be held open?
For people with mobility issues, heavy fire doors can be challenging. It can be tempting to deactivate door closers or prop fire doors open. However, this is unsafe, as it could allow a fire to spread through a building uncontrolled. Responsible Persons therefore have a legal duty to ensure that door closers are effective and maintained.
To overcome this issue, safe and legal ‘hold open’ devices have been developed. These can be installed during construction or retrospectively to improve accessibility for disabled people, older people, and young children.
According to the Equality Act 2010, employers have a duty to make reasonable adjustments where necessary for anyone with a disability. Under the same act, landlords are required to make reasonable changes to accommodate disabled tenants, and can access funding to do so. Installing hold open devices is a simple solution to heavy fire doors, which improves accessibility.
Wheelchair users often struggle with heavy fire doors
Holding open fire doors for people with disabilities
Fire door retainers improve accessibility for people with mobility issues, older people, and young children. Some devices attach to a fire door and an adjacent wall, allowing it to be ‘held’ in the open position through electromagnets. Other devices use a ‘plunger’ at the bottom of the door to fix the door open. When the fire alarm is activated, the devices are deactivated and the door closer will shut the door. Different devices detect this activation either through sound, or electronically.
Hold open devices for heavy fire doors are particularly useful in care homes, where beds and wheelchairs are transferred between rooms. This can also improve independence for those with frailty and weakness associated with ageing in a care setting.
How to make heavy fire doors easier to open
As an alternative to fire door retainers, electronic fire door closers have been developed to reduce the force needed to open the door during normal use. This can make heavy door easier to open.
When ‘on’, these devices have a significantly reduced closing force, allowing the door to swing freely, like a normal door. When the fire alarm is activated, as with traditional retainers, the free swing function will deactivate, causing the fire door closer to shut the door.
Heavy fire doors can cause issues for lots of people, particularly those who are less mobile. Installing hold open devices, such as free swing door closers or fire door retainers, helps to improve accessibility. If you are unsure which device is most suitable for your needs, or would like to book a site survey for one of our retaining systems, call our friendly and knowledgeable fire door team at 0800 433 4289 or email firedoors@safelincs.co.uk.
How heavy is a fire door?
Standard internal doors in a house usually weigh between 20kg and 50kg. Fire rated doors are often much heavier due to their reinforced construction. An average FD30 (30 minute) fire door weighs around 45kg, while FD60 (60 minute) fire doors can be over 75kg.
Each year when camping or caravanning there are serious illnesses or even death from the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. Most of these could have been prevented if the dangers of carbon monoxide (CO) had been more widely known and some simple preventative steps taken. In the UK around 50 people die and 200 people are hospitalised, while not all of these people will have been camping, the risks are significantly higher. As the gas is odourless and colourless there is no way to detect if the gas is present. The gas makes you drowsy and can make you unable to respond to other warning signs such as headaches and nausea.
Because tents and caravans are a confined space, the danger of carbon monoxide poisoning is greater. Therefore, having an audible CO alarm is an essential item to put on your packing list.
The Kidde 7DCO CO Alarm for caravans and motorhomes
Sources of carbon monoxide poisoning when camping or caravanning
Gas or coal fired cooking appliances, such as BBQ’s, are sometimes bought inside tents or caravan awnings to provide warmth or to cook. Which can fill the space up quickly with carbon monoxide gas, a by-product when burning a fossil fuel. The gas then renders the occupants unconscious and death can occur as a result.
Carbon monoxide gas can be produced due to faulty, poorly maintained or improper installation of gas appliances in caravans. It is important to ensure fuel burning appliances fitted by a qualified installer. Solid fuel appliances must be maintained and serviced annually by a reputable, registered engineer.
Carbon monoxide detectors for camping and caravanning
If you have already fitted a CO detector, ensure that you carry out your pre-holiday safety checks. This should include checking or replacing the batteries and testing smoke, heat and CO alarms. It is also advisable to check when your alarms need replacing. Sensors in these types of alarms become less effective over time and will need to be replaced after 10 years.
Not all carbon monoxide alarms are suitable for use in caravans or motorhomes. Choosing a suitable alarm is important because if the CO alarm you have isn’t recommended for use in camping environments, you may not be alerted to dangerous levels of CO gas. Choose an alarm that is:
What is the difference between fire doors and fire exits?
A fire door is an internal door, between one room or corridor and another. Certified fire doors of solid timber construction are designed to halt the spread of smoke and flames for a minimum specified length of time. Typically, this is 30 minutes (FD30), when closed. This allows fire doors to compartmentalise the building, so that the fire can be more easily controlled by fire fighters.
A fire exit is a final exit door from a building, meaning that it leads to the outside. These doors are not usually fire rated, as they are not designed to hold back flames and smoke. Fire exit doors are designed to allow quick and unhindered escape through a well-lit door into a place of safety. Often, these doors also prevent unauthorised access from the outside. Fire exit doors should never be obstructed, open easily and, where possible, in the direction of traffic flow.
In an emergency, fire exit doors lead building occupants to a place of safety
Do final exit doors need to be fire rated?
Final exit doors, or fire exits, do not usually need to be fire rated, unless the need is identified by the fire risk assessment. Unlike fire door hardware, exit hardware, such as panic bars and push pads, therefore does not need to be fire rated. Nonetheless, exit hardware must be regularly tested and maintained so that it can be effective in an emergency.
Should fire exits have push pads or panic bars?
In environments like an office, where staff are familiar with the layout, it is permissible to install push pads. In buildings which are open to the public, such as cinemas and shops, fire exits doors must be fitted with panic bars. These are easier to operate for someone who is unfamiliar with the environment.
Fire exit doors which are security doors can be locked to the outside
Can a fire exit be locked?
For security reasons, fire exits can be locked to the outside with an external access device. This can be secured with a traditional lock and key, or a pin pad and code. However, fire exits which serve as emergency exits for the public can never be locked from the inside. Exit hardware (push pads or panic bars) must therefore be fitted to the inside of a fire exit door.
Fire doors to storage rooms, or restricted areas of a building, can be locked. This can be done with access control devices, or a fire rated lock and key system. This hardware must be installed by a qualified professional, to the manufacturer’s requirements. It is the responsibility of key holders to ensure that no one is ever locked in to an area that they cannot freely leave.
Can a fire exit door be left open?
Given that fire exits are not involved in compartmentation, it is not a fire risk to keep open a final exit door to a building. This is why fire exit doors do not have door closers fitted. Fire doors must be kept shut when not in use, so that they can be effective in the event of a fire. This has led to the common misconception that a fire exit door cannot be kept open.
Therefore, assuming it is not a security risk, it is permissible to prop open a fire exit; but never a fire door on an escape route (unless certified fire door retainers are installed).
Signage for fire exit doors is green, and should be well lit
Do fire doors need signage?
Fire doors should have a small blue Fire Door Keep Shut sign fitted on both sides. This informs building users, including staff and the public, that the door plays a role in fire safety, and encourages them to behave accordingly. For the purpose of fire risk assessments, fire door maintenance, and fire escape plans, the fire door’s certification sticker should also be located on its top edge.
Similarly, fire exits should be clearly marked to ensure that occupants of a building can quickly identify an escape route in an emergency. Best practice dictates that fire exit signs are fitted above fire exits. In larger and more complicated buildings, additional signage should be fitted to direct occupants to the nearest fire exit.
Boat fires have killed 30 boaters in the last 20 years. A fire on board, most of the time, can be preventable. Proper maintenance, regular inspections, and adherence to safety protocols significantly reduce the risk of fire. Ensuring electrical systems are up to date, monitoring fuel systems for leaks, and having fire extinguishers readily accessible can mitigate potential hazards. By prioritising prevention and encouraging awareness, we can work towards eliminating fires and preserving lives on the water.
Carbon Monoxide on Boats
Many people are unaware of the effects, symptoms and dangers of carbon monoxide (CO). Known as The Silent Killer, it is a colourless, odourless, tasteless gas which is highly toxic to humans and animals. The only way to detect CO is with an audible carbon monoxide alarm.
CO is generated by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Most commonly associated with appliances such as; boilers, heaters, hobs and generators. Even routine activities like cooking or keeping warm can potentially lead to a build up of this deadly gas. It is important to ensure that all appliances are properly maintained and regularly serviced to minimise the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Recognising the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning is also vital for staying safe on board. Symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, weakness and confusion may indicate exposure to elevated levels of carbon monoxide. It’s essential for boat owners and passengers to be aware of these signs and to take immediate action.
Fire Extinguishers for Boat Safety
There are different fire risks on boats so it is essential that you have the correct extinguishers to deal with the different types of fire that may occur. Regular maintenance of all your electrical appliances and engine are important to help prevent potential fire hazards.
Powder fire extinguishers are suitable for an outdoor fire on a boat, such as an engine fire. Engine fires on boats can involve a variety of fuel sources, including gasoline, diesel, oil, making powder extinguishers suitable as they can extinguish a wide range of fire types. However, they are not recommended for indoor use due to reduced visibility. The water mist fire extinguishers would be ideal for an indoor boat fire. Water mist extinguishers are versatile; suitable for use on Class A and B fires as well as fires involving electrical equipment. They leave no residue and are environmentally friendly.
Smoke Alarms for Boat Safety
Smoke alarms detect smoke and sound an alarm to alert people on board of a fire. In a marine environment where fires can spread rapidly and evacuation options may be limited, early detection is critical. Boat owners should ensure that smoke alarms are installed in key areas to make sure a boat fire can be detected as soon as possible. Key areas include sleeping quarters, engine compartments, and galley areas where fire hazards are most prevalent.
Maintenance and testing of smoke alarms is important to ensure proper functionality to get alerted in the event of a fire. It’s recommended to test your alarms monthly, and to clean your alarms regularly as a build-up of dust can impact their performance.
When selecting smoke alarms for your boat, make sure to choose models specifically designed for boats. These are designed to withstand the unique challenges posed by constant exposure to moisture, saltwater, and vibration. It’s also wise to consider the size and layout of your vessel and determine the appropriate number and placement.
To determine whether your alarms are suitable for travel, look out for the following symbols and certification to (BS) EN 50291-2
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of electric powered bikes and scooters being purchased. Along with the number of publicly available e-bikes and e-scooters this has created concerns over fire safety. The reports of fires starting has increased, usually when the battery is being charged, raising a number of concerns of the quality of some of the bikes and scooters available to buy.
While in general the benefits are clear; speed of travel (compared to walking), convenience, reduced environmental impact compared to other modes (such as cars) and reduced transport costs. It is likely that in time, privately owned e-scooters would be legal to use on public highways and play a role in future urban transport. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the bike or scooter that you are buying is of good quality.
Things to consider before making a purchase
Do your research, look online or in store to see which e-bikes and e-scooters have had good reviews and the ones that haven’t so you can make an informed choice on the best one to buy within your budget.
Buy from a reputable retailer for all the components, including battery pack and charger.
When purchasing replacements parts, ensure these are purchased from the same manufacturer.
Register the product with the manufacturer – to be notified quickly of any safety issues or recalls.
Be cautious if buying second-hand, refurbished or converted bikes. It can be hard to establish reliability, whether it is counterfeit or genuine, and whether they meet proper UK standards. Look for CE or UKCA marking.
Tips for safer charging of batteries
Do not store or charge batteries in communal areas, especially if they form part of the escape route.
If the battery is hot after use, allow it to cool before putting on charge.
Do not overcharge the battery – check the manufacturer’s instructions.
Do not cover chargers or battery packs when charging as this could lead to overheating and possibly fire.
Keep batteries out of direct sunlight.
Do not overload sockets or extension leads – ensure the extension lead is suitably rated for what you are using it for.
Do not charge batteries overnight or while you are away from home. If a fire should start you will be alert and aware.
Regularly check your batteries and chargers, and do not use them if there are any signs of damage; replace them immediately.
If you regularly recharge batteries, or have several on charge at once, consider installing a Lithium-Ion Battery Containment Safe, or ask your landlord for one.
Warning signs of danger to look out for
Heat – it is normal for batteries to generate some heat when charging or in use. If it feels extremely hot to the touch, stop charging straight away.
Bulging or leaks – a common sign of a battery failing is bulging or swelling. If you see this you should stop using it immediately.
Noise – failing lithium batteries can sometimes make hissing or cracking sounds.
Smell – a strong or unusual smell from the battery could be a sign that it is failing.
HMOs are typically large houses that have been converted into flats or bedsits, such as student housing. ‘Houses in multiple occupation’ are defined by gov.uk as follows:
Your home is a house in multiple occupation (HMO) if both of the following apply:
at least 3 tenants live there, forming more than 1 household
you share toilet, bathroom or kitchen facilities with other tenants
It is important to note that the requirements for sheltered housing, such as supported living facilities, and self-catered rentals, such as holiday cottages are different, and not covered in this blog.
Shared kitchen spaces are a fire risk in HMOs
What grade of smoke alarm system is required for HMOs?
Within most HMOs, there are several acceptable options available for compliance with the Standard, depending on its size and configuration.
The first option is to have Grade A fire alarm system installed throughout the building. This type of system consists of a conventional or addressable fire alarm panel, and then fire alarm detectors, call points, sounders and beacons are specified according to the layout and requirements of the property and manufactured to BS EN 54. It also requires a power supply to BS EN 54-4, and installation to BS 5839 Part 1.
However, in most cases, this level of coverage is not a requirement. In some small HMOs, for example, it may be acceptable to install a Grade D1 system. This is defined as a system incorporating one or more interlinked mains-powered smoke alarms (and heat alarms if required), each with an integral stand-by supply. They can be hardwire-interlinked or radio-interlinked, meaning that fire alarm panels are not required. The stand-by supply must be tamper-proof and last the full life of the alarm.
The final option, suitable for many medium and even large HMOs, is a mixed system. This involves the installation of Grade A components in communal areas, and any other high-risk areas identified by the risk assessment. Elsewhere in the premises, a separate Grade D1 system can be installed. This has become the preference, as it is likely to reduce the impact of nuisance alarms from individual flats on other occupants.
Ei Electronics and Kidde offer both RF and wired mains powered alarm systems as well as a range of accessories that can help you to test, locate and hush alarms easily. For more guidance about the alarm grade system, visit our help guide.
The coverage within the building by the detection system is divided into three distinct categories. These are described with the following codes:
LD1 (highest level of coverage): Covers all circulation spaces that form part of escape routes plus all rooms in which a fire could start
LD2 (middle level of coverage): Covers all circulation spaces that form part of escape routes plus all rooms and areas that present a high fire risk to occupants
LD3 (lowest level of coverage): Covers circulation spaces that form part of the escape routes
Any room which a building user must pass through, from another, in order to exit the premises would need detectors installed to satisfy these Categories. For example, if all rooms in a bungalow open onto a hallway which leads outside, only the hallway is considered a circulation space forming part of the escape route; if the only exit from the kitchen is into the dining room which then opens onto a hallway, the dining room would also need a detector under LD3 minimum protection as it is part of the escape route.
What category of fire detection is required within my HMO?
Different levels of coverage are needed in different areas of the building due to the risk of fire. This includes different Grades of fire detection system, as well as different configurations of components. For example, communal areas in HMOs are required to have Grade A systems, as they have particularly high levels of risk. This is due to the shared, and therefore often neglected responsibility for safety and housekeeping in HMOs. Moreover, the exact installation requirements within your HMO will depend upon the configuration and size of the premises. For more advice for landlords about fire safety in HMO’s, visit our help guide.
Responsibility for housekeeping can be neglected in HMOs. This is a fire risk,
Minimum levels of requirements for fire detection systems in HMOs:
The following is general guidance on the minimum levels of installation required in different scenarios.
One or two storey HMOs, where the area of each floor is less than 200sqm:
A Grade D1, category LD1 configuration should be installed in a new, or materially altered HMO. In an existing premises of this size, category LD2 is acceptable if it is already installed, but an LD3 system must be upgraded to comply with the Standard.
Areas within HMOs with more than 3 floors, or where the area of at least one floor is greater than 200sqm
Individual, one-room dwellings, with or without cooking facilities:
A Grade D1, category LD1 configuration should be installed. This is required in a new and existing HMO premises.
Individual dwellings comprising two or more rooms:
A Grade D1, category LD2 configuration should be installed. This is required in a new and existing HMO premises.
Communal areas
A Grade A, category LD2 configuration should be installed. This is required in a new and existing HMO premises.
Suitable Fire Detection Systems in HMOs
Always ensure that a comprehensive fire risk assessment has been carried out in your property by a competent person, to determine the risks specific to your premises. This is essential to protect the occupants, particularly as many tenants of HMOs are young and / or vulnerable renters. The Responsible Person for the building may be prosecuted if they cannot demonstrate that they have made every reasonable effort to comply with fire safety requirements enforced by their local council, particularly if a fire breaks out. Compliance with the Standards is the best way to ensure that this compliance can be achieved and evidenced.
HMO fire alarm requirements vary depending on the size and configuration of your property. For one or two-storey HMOs with floor areas less than 200sqm, you’ll need at minimum a Grade D1, category LD1 system for new or materially altered properties. This includes interlinked mains-powered smoke alarms with integral stand-by supplies. Existing properties of this size may maintain a category LD2 system if already installed, but any LD3 systems must be upgraded. For larger HMOs with more than 3 floors or floors exceeding 200sqm, communal areas require Grade A, category LD2 systems. Your specific HMO fire alarm requirements will be determined by a comprehensive fire risk assessment.
What are the HMO fire alarm testing requirements?
HMO fire alarm testing requirements state that all fire detection systems must be regularly checked to ensure proper functioning. As a landlord or property manager, you must ensure your HMO fire alarm testing requirements are met by conducting regular checks of all detection devices. Each alarm should be tested according to manufacturer guidelines, typically by pressing the test button to confirm the alarm sounds correctly. You must maintain a testing log that records dates, results and any issues identified. This documentation is crucial for demonstrating compliance with HMO fire alarm testing requirements during inspections by local authorities.
What are the HMO fire alarm system requirements?
HMO fire alarm system requirements specify that properties must have appropriate detection systems based on size and layout. For most HMOs, you have several options to meet the HMO fire alarm system requirements. You can install a Grade A system throughout (connected to a central panel), a Grade D1 system (interlinked mains-powered alarms with backup), or a mixed system with Grade A in communal/high-risk areas and Grade D1 elsewhere. Your HMO fire alarm system requirements will also include specific detection categories: LD1 (all circulation spaces and rooms), LD2 (circulation spaces and high-risk areas), or LD3 (circulation spaces only). The appropriate level depends on your property’s specific characteristics.
What are the three storey HMO fire alarm requirements?
Three storey HMO fire alarm requirements typically necessitate a more comprehensive detection system due to increased evacuation challenges. If your three storey HMO has floor areas exceeding 200sqm, communal areas must have a Grade A, category LD2 system with a central control panel. Individual dwellings within your three storey HMO should have Grade D1 systems – category LD1 for single-room dwellings and category LD2 for multi-room dwellings. These three storey HMO fire alarm requirements aim to provide early warning throughout the property, particularly in escape routes and high-risk areas like kitchens, where fires commonly start in shared accommodations.
What are the HMO fire detection requirements?
HMO fire detection requirements specify the type, grade and category of detection systems needed in your property. Your HMO fire detection requirements will vary based on your property’s size and configuration. For smaller HMOs (one or two storeys under 200sqm), a Grade D1 system with LD1 or LD2 coverage is typically required. For larger properties, communal areas need Grade A systems with LD2 coverage. The HMO fire detection requirements also specify that all escape routes must be covered by appropriate detection devices. Different types of detectors (smoke, heat or combined) may be needed in different areas based on the specific fire risks identified during your assessment.
What are the HMO smoke alarm requirements?
HMO smoke alarm requirements mandate that appropriate detection devices be installed throughout your property. Your HMO smoke alarm requirements will include using interlinked alarms, ensuring that when one detector is triggered, all alarms sound throughout the property. For most HMOs, mains-powered smoke alarms with battery backup (Grade D1) are required in escape routes and risk areas. The HMO smoke alarm requirements also specify that different detector types should be used in different locations – for example, heat detectors rather than smoke alarms in kitchens to reduce false alarms. All devices must comply with relevant standards, including BS EN 54 for manufactured components and BS 5839 Part 1 for installation.
What are the 2 storey HMO fire alarm requirements?
Two storey HMO fire alarm requirements typically specify a Grade D1, category LD1 system for new or altered properties. This means your 2 storey HMO fire alarm requirements include installing interlinked, mains-powered smoke alarms with integral stand-by power supplies throughout circulation spaces and all rooms where a fire could start. For existing 2-storey HMOs with floor areas less than 200sqm, a category LD2 system may be acceptable if already installed. Your 2 storey HMO fire alarm requirements aim to ensure all occupants receive early warning of fire, particularly important in shared accommodations where responsibility for fire safety can be fragmented.
What is the HMO fire alarm system cost?
HMO fire alarm system cost varies depending on the size of your property and the grade of system required. For a smaller HMO requiring a Grade D1 system, your HMO fire alarm system cost might start from approximately £300-£600 for the basic components, including interlinked mains-powered smoke alarms with battery backup. For larger properties requiring Grade A systems with control panels, your HMO fire alarm system cost could range from £1,000 to several thousand pounds. Additional factors affecting your HMO fire alarm system cost include installation, which should be carried out by qualified professionals, and ongoing maintenance expenses. While this represents a significant investment, it’s essential for legal compliance and tenant safety.
What is the HMO fire alarm testing frequency?
Your HMO fire alarm testing frequency should include weekly tests of the system by pressing the test button on at least one detector (on a rotational basis). Monthly checks should examine the control panel (if installed) for fault indicators. Your HMO fire alarm testing frequency should also include bi-annual professional servicing by qualified technicians, who will conduct more thorough examinations of all components. This HMO fire alarm testing frequency ensures continuous protection for tenants and helps identify issues before they compromise safety.
Are HMO smoke alarms in bedrooms required?
HMO smoke alarms in bedrooms are typically required as part of a comprehensive fire detection system. You should install smoke alarms in HMO bedrooms because these areas contain potential fire hazards, such as electrical equipment and are occupied during sleeping hours when occupants are most vulnerable. The HMO smoke alarms in bedrooms should be interlinked with all other alarms in the property, ensuring that a fire detected in any location will trigger all alarms. For grade D1 systems, these HMO smoke alarms in bedrooms should be mains-powered with battery backup. This requirement is particularly important in buildings with multiple occupants who may be unfamiliar with escape routes.
What is a Grade A fire alarm system in an HMO, and when is it required?
A Grade A fire alarm system in an HMO is a comprehensive detection setup that includes a central control panel connected to various detection devices throughout the property. You would need a Grade A fire alarm system in an HMO with more than three floors or where any floor exceeds 200sqm in area. A Grade A fire alarm system in an HMO must be installed in communal areas of these larger properties, providing category LD2 coverage (all circulation spaces and high-risk areas). The system components must be manufactured to BS EN 54 standards, with installation following BS 5839 Part 1 guidelines. A Grade A fire alarm system in an HMO offers enhanced monitoring capabilities and reliability for larger shared accommodations.
Do I need a fire alarm in an HMO?
Yes, you absolutely need a fire alarm in an HMO – it’s a legal requirement for all houses of multiple occupation. The specific type of fire alarm in an HMO that you need depends on your property’s size and configuration. At a minimum, you’ll need interlinked smoke detectors covering escape routes, with additional detectors in high-risk areas and potentially in all rooms for larger properties. Failure to install an appropriate fire alarm in an HMO can result in significant penalties, including fines and prohibition notices that prevent you from renting your property.
Is a fire risk assessment a legal requirement for HMOs?
Yes, a fire risk assessment is a legal requirement for HMO properties under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. You must ensure that a fire risk assessment is completed for HMO compliance as it is a legal requirement. This assessment should be conducted by a competent person who can identify specific hazards in your property. The fire risk assessment is a legal requirement for HMO owners to protect tenants and demonstrate due diligence to authorities. It must be reviewed regularly and updated whenever significant changes occur to the property or occupancy. The assessment should identify potential fire hazards, evaluate who might be at risk, and determine what fire safety measures are needed to achieve compliance.
CO detectors, or carbon monoxide alarms, are essential for the detection of a deadly gas, carbon monoxide (CO). This gas cannot be seen, tasted or smelt and is only detected with the use of co detectors. It is produced through the incomplete combustion of fuel, such as gas, wood, coal and oil. If your carbon monoxide alarm is going off, do not assume it is a false alarm.
What to do when your carbon monoxide alarm is going off
You should assume that there is CO present and should follow these steps to ensure your safety.
Stay calm, open doors and windows to increase ventilation
Where safe to do so, turn off any fuel-burning appliance
Leave the premises and notify other occupants of the potential carbon monoxide leak (you should also notify any occupant of premises adjoined to your home as CO can seep through walls and floors
Call Gas Emergency Services 0800 111 999 or a local Gas Safe Registered Engineer to check for the source of carbon monoxide
The main symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are:
Persistent Headaches
Having persistent dull headaches and tension type headaches.
Dizziness
Having waves of dizziness or feeling light headed and off balance.
Nausea / Vomiting
Feeling like you need to be sick (nausea) and actually being sick (vomiting).
Stomach Pains
Pains in your stomach or lower abdomen, sometimes accompanied by diarrhoea.
Difficulty Breathing
Sudden shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (dyspnoea).
Tiredness
Having no energy or feeling tired, sleepy, lethargic and sluggish.
Sudden Collapse
Sudden collapse, seizures or loss of consciousness.
Confusion
Confusion, difficulty concentrating and becoming easily irritated.
What causes CO detector false alarms?
A false alarm is when your CO detector alarms and where no carbon monoxide is detected by your engineer. There could be several reasons for this, which can often be easily resolved:
Cause of alarm
What to do
The carbon monoxide detected did not come from your own appliances but may have seeped through the walls or floor from a neighbour.
Check if your neighbours have fuel-burning appliances that might emit carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide might escape from chimney stacks allowing the toxic gas to enter your premises via a joint loft space.
The replace-by date may have been exceeded.
Most CO alarms are only effective for 5-10 years. Once expired, they can sound erratically, or not sound when they should, The expiry date for each unit can be found on the information sticker on the back of the unit.
Excessive moisture from a bathroom may set off your CO alarm.
CO alarms can be corrupted by steam, and therefore shouldn’t be installed in bathrooms. If your CO alarm is repeatedly triggered by steam, it may become ineffective, and should be replaced.
Lead acid battery chargers produce hydrogen gas which sets off CO detectors.
If you are charging your caravan or boat battery at home, this could set off your CO alarm. Once you have made sure that the alarm is false, it is safe to ignore the alarm in this scenario, but remain vigilant for other signs. If this happens often, invest in a CO alarm with a digital display to assess the level of risk when the alarm sounds.
Freshly screeded floors emit a gas that sets off carbon monoxide alarms.
If your floors have just been screeded, and you have made sure that the alarm is false, it is safe to ignore the alarm in this scenario, but remain vigilant for other signs.
The carbon monoxide alarm that you have installed may not be suitable for the type of premises
For example if it is installed in a caravan, tent, boat or living quarters of a horsebox you will need to ensure that your alarm is Kitemarked to BS EN50291-2. Alarms tested to BS EN50291-1 are only for use in home environments and are not suitable for camping and caravanning.
Smoking indoors
A heavy smoker in a poorly ventilated room the CO from smoking may trigger an alarm. It is recommended to open a window if possible to improve ventilation. If this happens often, invest in a CO alarm with a digital display to assess the level of risk when the alarm sounds.
Homes that are adjacent to very busy roads may experience higher levels of CO in the home when windows are open as traffic fumes may enter the room and set your alarm off.
If this causes persistent false alarms, invest in a digital CO alarm, allowing you to see a live CO reading. You can then determine the level of risk. For example, if the reading is high, there is probably a leak. However, if it has just tipped over the threshold due to air pollution, the alarm can be ignored/silenced without having to get an engineer in to check for a leak.
The sound that your alarm is making may not be the alarm sound to alert you that there are dangerous levels of CO present.
Most alarms have several audible sounds to indicate things such as low battery warning or that there is a fault with the alarm. Keep the manual safe so that you can refer to it should the alarm go off.
Buying a CO detector
You should have a carbon monoxide detector in every room where there is a solid fuel burning appliance. Only chose CO detectors that have met the rigorous testing standards of the European standard EN50291. These alarms provide peace of mind that this vital alarm has been manufactured and tested to the highest standards. Moreover, investing in a CO detector with a digital display also provides peace of mind, as it allows you to assess the situation when an alarm goes off. This is particularly useful if you have had persistent false alarms due to pollution, smoking, or other external factors, as it allows you to check the reading to assess the level of risk before calling an engineer to check for a leak.
If you are unsure if you have the correct carbon monoxide alarm installed our customer care team are here to help. You can call them on 0800 612 6537 or email support@safelincs.co.uk.
Angie Dewick-Eisele is co-founder of Safelincs Ltd, one of the leading fire safety providers in the UK. Angie was Marketing Manager for many years and as Director is these days responsible for Content Management.
Managing false alarms is a public safety issue. As reported by the BBC, in 2020 the Chief Fire Officer (CFO) at Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue – Les Britzman – asked business owners to take more care and responsibility in managing false alarms. Provided that there are no hazardous materials in the premises and there is no immediate risk to life or the community, the CFO stated that organisations should “have systems in place to go and check those buildings themselves” before calling 999 if a fire is discovered.
Despite this, a National Statistics report shows that FRSs in the UK attended 246,529 fire false alarms in 2023. This was a 3.1% increase on the previous year, and a 6.3% increase on figures 5 years ago. Last year (2023) saw the largest number of false alarms attended since 2011. This diverts essential resources from real emergencies and puts people at risk due to avoidable blue light journeys.
Islington Fire Station, London. The station is part of the London Fire Brigade network of emergency responders.
Further to wasting public resources, management and mitigation of false alarms ensures that time is not wasted by needless evacuations. Unnecessary evacuations may cause downtime of machinery, and potentially a loss of earnings. If false alarms are allowed to persist, occupants may become desensitized to the sound. This puts lives at risk, as in a real emergency occupants may fail to react properly.
The importance of managing false alarms
BS 5839 Part 1, the Code of Practice for design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of fire alarm systems in non-domestic premises, has a focus on managing false alarms. Therefore, managing fire alarms is recommended for organisations to demonstrate that they are acting responsibly to prevent fires. To achieve this, the Responsible Person must ensure that all false alarms on a system are logged. Each false alarm must also be investigated for a root cause, which must be addressed. Mitigating work must be undertaken as necessary to prevent the same incident occurring again. To learn more about this Standard, see our summary of BS 5839-1: 2017.
Should a real fire occur, documentation including a record of, and mitigation work following past false alarms will be required during the investigation. The maintenance of these records is not a legal requirement. However, correct documentation can prevent prosecutions of negligence. It is also highly likely that insurers will require these records when processing a claim.
How to prevent false alarms
Preventing false alarms can be as simple as fitting flip covers to manual call points to prevent accidental activations. Indeed, this is now a recommendation in the Standard, though not a requirement. However, if a false alarm occurred because a manual call point was accidently triggered, the need to mitigate against repeat occurrences may necessitate their installation.
Functional testing of point smoke detectors with a Solo aerosol dispenser and access pole.
Another fundamental part of managing false alarms in existing fire alarm systems is to ensure they are maintained. This includes regular testing, inspections, and servicing. This will reduce the risks of false alarms caused by faulty or improperly installed equipment, as well as ensuring that the system is effective in an emergency.
Premises with a change of use should be professionally inspected to identify whether the existing fire alarm system remains suitable. For example, replacing optical beam detectors with a system of point heat detectors would prevent false alarms in a storage warehouse that has been converted into a factory with machinery that creates a lot of dust.
Optimising new fire alarm systems
For new fire alarm systems, during the design stage the full details of the Fire Risk Assessment, the building, and its intended / current use should be made available. This ensures that the most suitable types of detector can be selected, and positioned in the correct way. Suitable detectors in the correct locations are one of the easiest methods for managing false alarms. For example, installing an optical smoke detector near kitchens or bathrooms could result in false alarms due to steam from cooking or baths and showers.
Identifying design shortcomings is not generally the responsibility of an installer. However, the Standard does state that any issues noticed during installation – particularly those arising from features of the building that might not have been known to the designer – should be brought to the attention of the designer or Responsible Person.
Fire alarm systems should be tailored to the building. It should account for the risks identified in the building’s fire risk assessment.
False alarms put unnecessary strain on UK fire services, diverting essential resources away from real fires, and putting lives at risk. Managing false alarms is in the interest of organisations as it prevents disruption.
Safelincs provide nationwide fire alarm system servicing and maintenance contracts at competitive pricing. View our Servicing and Maintenance page or call our Servicing team on 0800 612 4827 for more information.
Daniel is our Senior Product Manager. He has a wealth of knowledge when it comes to emergency lighting, fire alarms, smart products, and fire extinguishers.
According to the Equality Act 2010, schools and educational premises have a duty to make reasonable adjustments where necessary for anyone with a disability. So, what is a reasonable adjustment in schools? And, what can schools and universities do to improve access for all and meet fire safety requirements in education?
What is a reasonable adjustment?
The Equality Act 2010 tackles disability discrimination in schools and other organisations or businesses across society. It sets out a responsibility to remove barriers experienced by someone who has a disability. Anyone who has a disability should be able to receive the same service as far as possible as someone who is not disabled. What is considered a ‘reasonable’ adjustment will depend on things like the size of the organisation, and the money and resources available. It will also depend on the needs of the individuals who attend the setting.
Reasonable adjustments and fire safety in education
According to current fire safety regulations, it is the duty of the Responsible Person for the building to provide a fire safety risk assessment that considers the needs of all of its users. It should contain an emergency evacuation plan for all people likely to be on the educational premises. This includes anyone who is disabled or has additional needs. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA) also supports these regulations.
An EVAC+CHAIR can be used to safely evacuate anyone with a permanent or temporary mobility impairment in an emergency
The reasonable adjustments in schools need to meet legal requirements for disability and fire safety, and depends on what is set out in your fire risk assessment. It will also depend on the needs of the individuals who attend your school or university.
What examples are there of reasonable adjustments in schools or higher education establishments for fire safety?
A reasonable adjustment can be:
A change to the way things are done such as a change to a rule or policy. For example, this might involve a change to an escape route.
A change to a physical or architectural feature in a building or outside areas. This could include using a fire door retainer on internal fire doors to allow easier access for all or installing visual fire alarm beacons with louder audible sirens for anyone who has a hearing impairment.
Provision of extra services or aids. This could include providing an evacuation aid such as an evacuation chair.
The type of changes and extra aids or services will depend entirely on your circumstances and the needs of the individuals who attend your school or university. Fire safety requirements will be set out in detail in your fire risk assessment and should be implemented.
Fire door retainers and the Equality Act 2010
Fire door retainers such as Dorgard are a cost-effective and easy to install solution for improving access for all in schools and universities. Fire doors are a necessity in many buildings but can be a barrier to anyone with a mobility impairment as they are heavy to operate and difficult to manoeuvre in a wheelchair.
Fire door retainers can improve access for anyone with a mobility impairment
Dorgard is certified and tested to British Standards EN1155:1997 and EN 1634. It is a legal solution for holding open fire doors. This allows easier access for everyone including any disabled users with a mobility impairment. When the fire alarm sounds in your building, Dorgard will release the fire door so that it closes and provides the usual protection. You should never wedge or prop open fire doors using an uncertified device or object. The fire doors will be unable to provide any protection if they are open when a fire starts.
Dorgard Fire Door Retainers are widely used in education
The University of London’s College Hall has found Dorgard to be an effective solution to accessibility in their building.
“The Dorgard offers a low energy automatic door solution that proved to be the most cost-effective way of improving access and independence for wheelchair users.”
With over 20 years of experience in content writing, design and marketing, Mel now heads up the Content & Marketing Team at Safelincs. Having been in the fire safety industry for over 5 years, Mel has now developed a deep understanding of some of the critical issues facing the industry. Alongside her team, she aims to support the public with resources and information to help them improve fire safety at home, in the workplace or in 3rd sector organisations.
According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), cooking equipment is the leading cause of house fires, with unattended cooking being the primary culprit. Cooking oil fires, in particular, pose a unique challenge due to the intensity and rapid spread of the flames.
Cooking oil fires are difficult to extinguish if you don’t have the right equipment at hand. The powerful jet of some fire extinguishers could spread the oil fire. Using water to extinguisher oil fires can cause the fire to erupt violently. Therefore, it is important to have the correct equipment to tackle kitchen fires
Tackling Cooking Oil Fires at Home
How to put out a Cooking Oil Fire
Pan fires can be tackled with fire blankets and fire extinguishers. A water mist fire extinguisher is versatile, and therefore can tackle all types of kitchen fire including fires involving electrical equipment up to 1000 volts. A fire blanket is a good option for most domestic kitchens, as generally smaller amounts of oil are used. A fire blanket is placed over the pan fire to smother it and starve the fire from oxygen.
For larger deep fat fryers in your home, we would recommend a wet chemical fire extinguisher which holds a 25F rating. The wet chemical extinguisher is made specifically for tackling larger quantities of oil on fire.
Where to put a Kitchen Fire Extinguisher
In the case of cooking oil fires, having a fire extinguisher within easy reach can be a lifesaver. Mount the extinguisher in a visible and easily accessible location, away from the stove but still within close proximity to the cooking area. We recommend placing your fire extinguisher near the kitchen exit, ensuring a quick and unobstructed path to safety. Avoid placing it too close to potential fire hazards, such as curtains or wooden cabinets.
Tackling Cooking Oil Fires at Work
If you work in a commercial kitchen with deep fat fryers, a wet chemical kitchen fire extinguisher is usually recommended. Wet chemical fire extinguishers are specifically designed to put out cooking oil fires and therefore should be kept in kitchens for commercial use. The wet chemical fire extinguisher forms a foam blanket on top of the oil which stops the supply of oxygen, therefore extinguishing the fire. Fire blankets are also a useful addition in a commercial kitchen as they can be used on pan fires, cooking oil fires, waste basket fires and also clothing fires.
What to do in a Kitchen Fire
Stay calm
Turn off the heat source (if possible)
If the fire is not too big, use your fire extinguisher or fire blanket to try and extinguish the fire
Call emergency services
Move anything else that could catch fire away from the burning oil if you can
Make sure children and pets do not come near the fire
A man cooking starts a cooking fire.
How can Cooking Oil Fires be Prevented?
To avoid cooking oil fires, never leave cooking unattended and pay attention to cooking pans and deep fat fryers at all times, especially when cooking with oil. Keep the area clean from grease buildup, as accumulated grease can be a potential fuel source for fires. In the event of a small grease fire, never use water to extinguish it. Instead, cover the pan with a fire blanket or use a fire extinguisher for kitchen fires. By adopting these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of cooking oil fires and enhance the overall safety of your kitchen.
For further advice on fire prevention in your home, complete the Home Fire Safety Check. Get personalised tips and a fire safety action plan to help you and your family to stay safe.
