Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Extinguishers

Lithium fire extinguishers are specialist suppressants engineered for battery chemistry, not conventional combustion. They use cooling agents capable of handling extreme temperatures to slow and interrupt the runaway chain reactions unique to lithium-ion fires. Standard extinguishers lack the formulation to do this effectively. 

Yes, they can explode! Lithium-ion batteries can explode due to a chain reaction called thermal runaway. This occurs when the battery rapidly increases in temperature, usually from overcharging, exposure to extreme temperatures or moisture, or damage to the cells. Once thermal runaway begins, it will cause an internal fire in the casing which causes a build-up of toxic gases. The pressure eventually causes an explosive reaction.

Generally, lithium-ion batteries are safe to use and charge regularly, as long as they are not damaged, overcharged, or defective.

Lithium-ion batteries work by moving lithium-ions between the negative side (Anode) and positive side (Cathode), which creates an electrical current. When charging, lithium-ions move from the cathode to the anode and whilst discharging it is opposite. When the lithium-ions move during a discharge, an electrical current is created and this is what powers the device.

Stopping a lithium-ion fire is almost impossible due to the ferocity and unpredictable nature of these types of fires. Instead of stopping a fire, it is recommended that preventative measures are taken to ensure that a fire doesn't start. Fireproof charging and storage cabinets are an ideal solution for ensuring that all lithium-ion batteries can be charged and stored safely, even if a fire broke out. These cabinets are designed to contain the fire inside, preventing it from spreading externally.

General advice from the Fire & Rescue Service is to evacuate and get to a place of safety in the event of a lithium-ion fire. Once at a place of safety, call the emergency services and do not attempt to tackle the fire.

Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable whereas lithium batteries are not. Lithium batteries are more commonly found in products that require long-term, low-power use such as smoke detectors. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly found in items that require recharging frequently such as mobile phones and laptops. Lithium batteries are made up of pure lithium metal, whereas lithium-ion batteries are made up of active materials, such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), and do not contain pure lithium metal.

Lithium-ion battery fires require specialised approaches due to their unique challenges. To effectively tackle these fires, use lithium-ion battery fire extinguishers specifically designed for the task. Lithium-ion batteries can reach extremely high temperatures during a fire, often exceeding 1000°C, making them difficult to control and extinguish. Moreover, the risk of re-ignition remains even after the initial flames are extinguished, as battery cells can continue to smoulder and reignite hours or days later.

Lithium-ion battery fire extinguishers are equipped with specialised agents tailored to address the properties of lithium-ion fires. These extinguishers often feature water-based solutions with additives that enhance heat absorption and minimise the risk of re-ignition. The formulation of these agents helps cool the battery rapidly and efficiently, preventing it from reaching temperatures that could lead to further combustion.

To ensure reliability, battery fire extinguishers undergo rigorous testing to meet stringent safety standards. This thorough testing confirms their effectiveness in handling the extreme conditions associated with lithium-ion battery fires.

Standard fire extinguishers aren't designed for lithium-ion battery fires. These fires burn at extremely high temperatures and can reignite even after being extinguished. Traditional water, foam, or powder extinguishers may temporarily suppress flames, but they won't prevent thermal runaway or stop dangerous reignition. You need specialist lithium-ion fire extinguishers with cooling agents formulated explicitly for battery fires.

Lithium-ion battery fires undergo thermal runaway, where overheating cells trigger a chain reaction that spreads to neighbouring cells. They reach temperatures over 1000°C, release toxic gases and are also prone to explosions. Unlike standard fires, they can reignite hours or days later because the internal battery components continue to smoulder. This makes them particularly dangerous and requires specialist suppression methods.

Many lithium-ion fire extinguishers also carry Class A ratings for ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, paper, and fabric. Always check the extinguisher's rating labels to confirm the types of fires it's approved for.

Install them in areas where lithium-ion batteries are stored, charged, or used regularly. This includes electric vehicle charging points, battery storage areas, warehouses with electronic goods, offices with multiple devices, and workshops with power tools.

Early warning signs include unusual heat, swelling of the battery casing, or leaking fluids. You might also notice a strange chemical smell or see the battery changing colour. If you spot any of these signs - only if safe to do so - move the battery to a safe area away from flammable materials and have your specialist lithium-ion fire extinguisher ready. Don't attempt to charge or use a damaged battery.